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  目前磁性材料主要分為永磁材料和軟磁體，永磁材料的磁性能夠永久保存，主要包含以釹鐵硼為代表的合金永磁材料和鐵氧體永磁材料。軟磁體的磁性可以通過外部作用被磁化，但磁性也容易消失。

  釹鐵硼(NdFeB)是第三代稀土永磁材料，由大量的釹、鐵、硼三種稀土元素構成，其中釹元素占比在 25%~35%,鐵元素占比 65%~75%，硼占比 1%左右。釹鐵硼具有高剩磁密度、高矯頑力和高磁能積的優點，是迄今為止磁性很強的永磁材料。釹鐵硼永磁鐵

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